- Ad hoc market research: Ad-hoc research focuses on specific marketing problems. It involves the collection of data at one point in time from one sample of respondents.
- After-sales service The services received after the original goods or services have been paid for. Often this service is provided as part of a warranty or guarantee scheme.
- Ambush marketing A deliberate attempt by a business or brand to associate itself with an event (often a sporting event) in order to gain some of the benefits associated with being an official sponsor without incurring the costs of sponsorship. For example by advertising during television coverage of the event.
- Augmented brand The additional customer services and benefits (“added value”) that are built around the core product or service offering.